4^th International Conference on
Medicine and Surgery

He is known as the “Father of Artificial Cells”. While an honor Physiology B.Sc. student at McGill University, he proposed and prepared the first artificial cells on his own in his dormitory room and was then allowed to use this for his required honor research project (Chang, Hon B.Sc. research report, 1957). He continued this research in medical school then Ph.D. (Chang Science 1964, Nature 1971, Artificial Cells Monograph 1972) and for the rest of his research career to the present with 560 full papers.

Artificial Cells